{"id":332,"date":"2023-09-10T20:21:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-10T20:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arepo.lescriptorium.ch\/?p=332"},"modified":"2023-09-13T14:07:36","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T14:07:36","slug":"synonymie-et-antonymie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/?p=332","title":{"rendered":"Synonymie et antonymie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sommaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lescriptorium.ch\/#synonymie\">La synonymie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lescriptorium.ch\/#antonymie\">L&rsquo;antonymie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>La synonymie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On appelle synonymes des termes de m\u00eame nature grammaticale qui ont un sens \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e9quivalent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le plus souvent, un mot ne pourra se substituer \u00e0 un autre que dans un certain contexte et rares sont les termes dont les acceptions se recoupent totalement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La&nbsp;<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9<\/mark>, quand il est question d&rsquo;une danseuse, aura pour synonymes&nbsp;souplesse&nbsp;ou&nbsp;agilit\u00e9.<br>En revanche, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">la&nbsp;l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9<\/mark>, quand il est question d&rsquo;un comportement, aura pour synonymes&nbsp;d\u00e9sinvolture&nbsp;ou&nbsp;insouciance.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des termes consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme synonymes peuvent comporter des nuances de sens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les synonymes peuvent varier en pr\u00e9cision :&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Habitation&nbsp;est un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique qui permet de d\u00e9signer \u00e0 la fois un&nbsp;manoir, un&nbsp;chalet, une&nbsp;villa&nbsp;ou un&nbsp;appartement. Pour \u00e9viter une r\u00e9p\u00e9tition et selon le contexte, on pourra donc employer le premier comme un synonyme des seconds malgr\u00e9 son caract\u00e8re impr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les synonymes peuvent varier en intensit\u00e9 :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">appr\u00e9hension&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;peur&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;terreur&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;\u00e9pouvante<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les synonymes peuvent correspondre \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents registres de langue :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">registre courant :&nbsp;peur&nbsp;<br>registre soutenu :&nbsp;effroi<br>registre familier et argotique : La&nbsp;frousse, les&nbsp;jetons, la&nbsp;p\u00e9toche, la&nbsp;chiasse, les&nbsp;flubes, les&nbsp;copeaux, les&nbsp;foies, les&nbsp;grelots, les&nbsp;chocottes<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Les synonymes peuvent apporter \u00e0 une notion une nuance p\u00e9jorative ou au contraire m\u00e9liorative :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des couleurs&nbsp;vives&nbsp;(neutre),&nbsp;<br>Des couleurs&nbsp;\u00e9clatantes&nbsp;(m\u00e9lioratif),&nbsp;<br>Des couleurs&nbsp;criardes&nbsp;(p\u00e9joratif)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>L&rsquo;antonymie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les antonymes sont des mots de m\u00eame nature grammaticale et de sens contraire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leur formation peut r\u00e9sulter de diff\u00e9rents proc\u00e9d\u00e9s :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>de l&rsquo;ajout \u00e0 un terme d&rsquo;un pr\u00e9fixe privatif latin [ in-, d\u00e9(s)- ], ou grec [ a(n)-, dys- ]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tol\u00e9rant \u2192 intol\u00e9rant<br>espoir \u2192 d\u00e9sespoir<br>moral&nbsp;\u2192 amoral<br>fonctionnement&nbsp;\u2192 dysfonctionnement<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>de l&rsquo;opposition de certains pr\u00e9fixes latins et grecs (intra-\/extra-, anti-\/pro, in-\/ex-, mono-\/poly-, hypo-\/hyper- etc.) ou suffixes (-phile\/-phobe)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">int\u00e9rieur&nbsp;\u2192 ext\u00e9rieur<br>antir\u00e9publicain&nbsp;\u2192 pror\u00e9publicain<br>intrins\u00e8que&nbsp;\u2192 extrins\u00e8que<br>monogame&nbsp;\u2192polygame<br>hydrophile&nbsp;\u2192 hydrophobe<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>de l&rsquo;utilisation de termes de sens oppos\u00e9s et de racines diff\u00e9rentes :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">apaiser&nbsp;\u2192 envenimer<br>courageux&nbsp;\u2192 l\u00e2che<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains des exemples pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents nous montrent que la nature de l&rsquo;opposition entre les antonymes n&rsquo;est pas toujours de l&rsquo;ordre de la n\u00e9gation. D&rsquo;autres rapports existent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certaines actions sont r\u00e9ciproques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d\u00e9fendre&nbsp;\u2192 attaquer<br>vendre \u2192 acheter<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les pr\u00e9fixes marquent parfois :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une opposition de degr\u00e9 :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">hypercalorique \u2192&nbsp;hypocalorique,<br>sous-estimer \u2192 sur-estimer<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une opposition de nombre :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">monochrome&nbsp;\u2192 polychrome<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une opposition d&rsquo;ordre spatial :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">endog\u00e8ne \u2192 exog\u00e8ne,<br>introverti \u2192 extraverti<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une opposition d&rsquo;ordre temporel :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">antidater \u2192 postdater<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certaines oppositions sont moins \u00e9videntes et r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 des pratiques et des contextes particuliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sucr\u00e9 \u2192&nbsp;sal\u00e9<br>\u00e9crit \u2192 oral<br>th\u00e9orie&nbsp;\u2192 pratique<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;observation du contexte est donc capitale pour \u00e9tablir des rapports d&rsquo;antonymie. L&rsquo;exemple des antonymes de doux pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ci-dessous en est un exemple particuli\u00e8rement parlant :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une pomme&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;une pomme&nbsp;sure,&nbsp;acide&nbsp;<br>Une moutarde&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;une moutarde&nbsp;forte<br>Une peau&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;une peau&nbsp;r\u00eache<br>Un hiver&nbsp;doux&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;un hiver&nbsp;rigoureux<br>Une drogue&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;une drogue&nbsp;dure<br>Cuire \u00e0 feu&nbsp;doux&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;cuire \u00e0 feu&nbsp;vif<br>Une musique&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;une musique&nbsp;violente<br>Une pente&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;une pente&nbsp;abrupte<br>Une eau&nbsp;douce&nbsp;\u2192 une eau&nbsp;sal\u00e9e<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sommaire La synonymie L&rsquo;antonymie La synonymie On appelle synonymes des termes de m\u00eame nature grammaticale qui ont un sens \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e9quivalent. Le plus souvent, un mot ne pourra se substituer \u00e0 un autre que dans un certain contexte et rares sont les termes dont les acceptions se recoupent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-langue","category-vocabulaire"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=332"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":387,"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332\/revisions\/387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arepo.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}